Pharmacy Funding Types Available in Nebraska

By Brad MacLiver
Authorship and profile at Google


There are a number of different options available for funding Nebraska (NE) pharmacy franchises, specialty pharmacies, and traditional community drug stores. These options may be used during the process of buying /selling or expanding a single drug store or a small pharmacy chain.

SBA Financing for Pharmacy Business Loans

The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) partially guarantees loans for pharmacy franchise lenders reducing the risk exposure for the lender. A loan program called 7(a) is a standard for funding Nebraska pharmacy franchises. These loans can provide funds for pharmacy franchise entry fees, real estate where the pharmacy will be located, property improvements, working capital, and pharmacy related equipment.

Borrowers for the Nebraska pharmacy franchise must be creditworthy, without any bankruptcies, have ample down payment, but there are variations here, and the business must be able to repay the loan from the cash flow of the pharmacy.

Terms can range from 5 to 20 years. Within SBA standards interest rates may be adjustable or fixed and will be negotiated by the lender dependent on the financial strength of the Nebraska pharmacy transaction.

There are fees for guaranteeing pharmacy business SBA loans.  Those fees, which are paid to the government and not kept by the bank, can be rolled into the pharmacy financing.

Patriot Express Business Loan Program

This is another SBA loan program that can be used for pharmacy franchise business loans in Nebraska and is reserved for military veterans, active service members, their spouses, and survivors. The Department of Veterans Affairs would be involved in the pharmacy loan process.

Funding for Nebraska pharmacy from the Patriot Express program typically has relatively fast approval times, and they may also accept a smaller down payment from borrowers than traditional business loans as well as having lower acceptable credit scores. Patriot Express business loans have benefits for lower interest rate pharmacy business loans.

Funding for Pharmacists Who Are Veterans in NE

There are specific franchise loan programs available for honorably discharged veterans and these Vet programs can be considered for pharmacy franchise loans.

Pharmacy Financing From the Franchisor

Financing a pharmacy franchisee is a usual topic in discussions with a pharmacy franchisor. Franchisors should be able to direct potential drug store franchisees toward funding programs that have previously been successful for their other Nebraska pharmacy franchisees. Preferred lenders will already be familiar with the pharmacy franchisor and their systems.

Pharmacy franchisors in Nebraska may also provide some funding internally. Lower collateral will be offset by higher interest rates. This may help with qualifying for a pharmacy acquisition of a franchise, but may hurt the franchisee’s long term cash flow. Due diligence of pharmacy franchisor funding should be completed before any final decisions are made.

Personal Assets Used in NE Pharmacy Finance

Not all prospective Nebraska pharmacy franchise owners have enough cash on hand. Part of the drug store business financing may require the borrower to liquidate personal stocks, provide personal assets as collateral, refinance their home, or use their 401k to assist the lenders security for making the pharmacy business loan.

If the borrower still does not have enough personal assets then a family member or a friend may be required as a partner in the pharmacy in Nebraska. Since the NE pharmacy partner’s cash and assets will also be at risk of loss, these partners may require some controlling interest in the drug store.

Retirement Accounts Used in Pharmacy Finance

Retirement Plans can be self-directed and used to invest into a pharmacy franchise. The retirement plan can purchase stock in the Nebraska pharmacy franchise. This is similar to how the retirement plan currently may be investing in publicly traded stocks and mutual funds. Lower debt service and higher profit potential may result when incorporating this option that uses less external financing in funding the franchise.

The downside is, if the Nebraska pharmacy crashes, so does the retirement fund. The method of providing less expensive financing for the pharmacy needs to be weighed against the risk of failure.

Because of the factors involved such as deferred taxes, early or improper distributions, and IRS involvement, funding a pharmacy transaction with a retirement account should be handled by a company who has expertise in this arena. Nebraska pharmacists and investors interested in using this financing structure should research the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA).

Pharmacy Franchise Agreement Buyout Funding in Nebraska

Understand that pharmacy situations are changing, economic factors are a concern, mail order pharmacy is growing, and market shares are shifting. All of these can have a negative impact on the cash flow of a pharmacy franchise. Drug store owners paying franchise royalty payments may not survive the tightening profit ratios. Due to this, these pharmacy franchises may only have the options of bankruptcy, or buying out the franchise agreement when allowable.

Buying out the franchisor allows the pharmacy to remove the franchisor from the equation. This in turn allows the pharmacy owner in Nebraska more flexibility in their business decisions. The pharmacy franchisor sold the drug store franchise with expectations of earning income from the cash flow their pharmacy franchisees. Due to their long term plan, Franchisors may not be willing to allow the Nebraska pharmacy franchisee to remove itself from the franchisor. However if a Franchise Agreement Buyout can be negotiated, the buy-out transaction can also be financed.

Unfortunately many banks don’t understand the dynamics of the pharmacy industry. This lack of pharmacy knowledge results in the banks looking at the funding request and all they see is a business that has very little collateral compared to amount of financing the Nebraska pharmacy is requesting. To assist the successful funding process a pharmacy owner is advised to use a pharmacy industry specialist to capitalize on the funding opportunities that are available.

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EBITDA and Nebraska Pharmacy Acquisitions

By Brad MacLiver
Authorship and profile at Google


EBITDA is an acronym for earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization and is often used to measure the value of some businesses. It can also be used in the comparison of similar companies.
        
Generally, EBITDA makes it easier to evaluate various companies and to compare them against industry averages by removing the non-core and irregular operating costs, such as interest, which can vary depending on the management’s choice of financing, taxes which can fluctuate depending on acquisitions or losses from prior years, and arbitrary factors of depreciation and amortization.

The EBITDA formula can be used as a guideline when valuing larger companies, or when comparing the profitability of large similar companies in the same industry.

For the effective use of EBITDA, these larger companies should possess significant assets, have heavy amortization schedules, or bear substantial amounts of debt. Considering independent pharmacies don’t meet that criteria, this formula is not a useful measure as the sole means for valuing Nebraska pharmacies for acquisition purposes.

Six Steps to Calculate EBITDA:
1. Calculate net income by obtaining total income and subtract total expenses.
2. Determine the total amount of taxes paid to federal, state, and local governments.
3. Compute interest fees paid to companies or individuals for the use of credit, or capital.
4. Establish the cost of depreciation (the expense recorded to allocate a tangible asset's cost over its useful life).
5. Determine the cost of amortization (the expense for consumption of the value of intangible assets, such as goodwill, patents, and copyrights, over a specific period of time, or the asset's expected life.
6. Add #1 through #5.

EBITDA calculation example:
1. Net Income            2,105
2. + Taxes paid            677
3. + Interest Expenses     405
4. + Depreciation          231
5. + Amortization          108
6. = EBITDA              3,526

Seven Drawbacks of EBITDA: 1. Can be misleading number when it is confused with cash flow.
2. Can make even completely unprofitable firms appear to be financially healthy.
3. Numbers are easy to manipulate.
4. Can overlook cash requirements for growth in accounts receivable.
5. Can miss cash requirements for growth in inventories.
6. Not factual when valuing small companies.
7. Not effective for companies with few assets, small amounts of debt, or low depreciation or amortization schedules.

EBITDA was utilized as a proxy for cash flow during the 1980s in leveraged buyouts to calculate whether companies could service their debt. Unprofitable businesses can appear to be financial healthy when factoring out taxes, interest, depreciation, and amortization. During the dotcom era, this method of valuation was used extensively to value unprofitable businesses that had few assets and small earnings. The results from that method caused many businesses to go bust. This was a terrible example of misapplying EBITDA.

Knowledgeable Nebraska pharmacy specialists performing pharmacy business valuations will use EBITDA in pharmacy valuations, but only as part of a larger formula when computing values for specialty pharmacies in NE especially those who have a niche in HIV, disease management, long term care, etc. However, EBITDA should not be used as part of the usual formula for standard retail pharmacy acquisitions.

The EBITDA number for a specific existing Nebraska pharmacy is important, for the most part, when the existing ownership is establishing their store value for the purpose of a line of credit, borrowing, creating a Trust, stock values, etc., but EBITDA does not have the same importance when selling a pharmacy. This is due to the fact the buyer will not have the same expenses as the seller.

Buyers cannot have the same tax base, interest expenses, or the same schedule for depreciation, which means it is crucial that the buyer calculate an estimated EBITDA that is specific to their operating model, business system, power to buy, operational costs, etc., and not the sellers. Take note that EBITDA assumes that the buyer will acquire all of the assets, the working capital, the accounts receivable, and the liabilities. Those assumptions do not hold true regarding an acquisition of a pharmacy in Nebraska. Instead of using an EBITDA number, NE pharmacy buyers should be focusing on their sales, their gross profit, their cash flow, and their customer mix.

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